Synthetic progesterone, also known as progestin, is widely used in hormonal therapies and contraceptives. While it offers benefits such as regulating menstrual cycles and reducing menopausal symptoms, emerging research highlights significant dangers associated with its use.
Increased Breast Cancer Risk
Hormonal Therapy Concerns: Studies have shown that the use of synthetic progestins in menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Specifically, oral estrogen combined with daily progestin has been associated with the highest risk[4]. This risk persists even after cessation of therapy, indicating long-term effects[4].
Mechanistic Insights: Synthetic progestins may promote breast cancer through various mechanisms. They can influence estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) pathways, which are critical in breast tissue development and carcinogenesis[1]. The interaction between these hormones can drive the proliferation of breast cancer cells[1].
Cardiovascular Risks
Blood Clotting and Stroke: Synthetic progesterone has been linked to an increased risk of blood clots and stroke. This is particularly concerning for women using combined oral contraceptives or MHT, as these formulations can exacerbate cardiovascular risks[3].
Hypertension: Some synthetic progestins have been found to have glucocorticoid-like effects, potentially leading to increased blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues[2].
Metabolic Effects
Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance: Progestins can affect metabolic processes, leading to weight gain and insulin resistance. These side effects are particularly pronounced in long-term users of hormonal therapies containing synthetic progesterone[5].
Impact on Lipid Profiles: Research indicates that synthetic progestins can negatively impact lipid profiles by increasing LDL cholesterol levels and decreasing HDL cholesterol levels, further contributing to cardiovascular risks[3].
Psychological and Neurological Effects
Mood Changes and Depression: Users of synthetic progesterone have reported mood swings, depression, and anxiety. These psychological effects are thought to be linked to the hormone's influence on neurotransmitter systems in the brain[5].
Cognitive Decline: There is emerging evidence suggesting that long-term use of synthetic progesterone may be associated with cognitive decline, although more research is needed to understand this relationship fully[5].
Sources
[1] Progesterone and Breast Cancer - PMC - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156851/
[2] Association of Circulating Progesterone With Breast Cancer Risk ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182797/
[3] Association of Circulating Progesterone With Breast Cancer Risk ... https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2764844
[4] Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk - Nature https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-024-02590-1
[5] Breast cancer risk assessment for prescription of menopausal ... https://bjgp.org/content/74/746/e610
[6] Progestins and breast cancer hallmarks: The role of the ERK1/2 and ... https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960076023001966
[7] Progestins and risk of breast cancer. Much ado about nothing? https://www.ejgo.net/articles/10.12892/ejgo200305345
[8] Antiprogestins for breast cancer treatment: We are almost ready https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960076024000633
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